02381nas a2200205   4500000000100000008004100001100002500042700001600067700001800083700001800101700001700119700001900136700001600155700009700171245011500268300001400383490000800397520175600405022001402161       2018                            d1 aPrabhakaran Dorairaj1 aWu Yangfeng1 aWatkins David1 aNugent Rachel1 aAnand Shuchi1 aGaziano Thomas1 aMbanya Jean1 aDisease Control Priorities-3 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders Author Group00aCardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition.  a1224-12360 v3913 a<p>Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders (CVRDs) are the leading causes of adult death worldwide, and substantial inequalities in care of patients with CVRDs exist between countries of high income and countries of low and middle income. Based on current trends, the UN Sustainable Development Goal to reduce premature mortality due to CVRDs by a third by 2030 will be challenging for many countries of low and middle income. We did systematic literature reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to identify priority interventions. We summarise the key findings and present a costed essential package of interventions to reduce risk of and manage CVRDs. On a population level, we recommend tobacco taxation, bans on trans fats, and compulsory reduction of salt in manufactured food products. We suggest primary health services be strengthened through the establishment of locally endorsed guidelines and ensured availability of essential medications. The policy interventions and health service delivery package we suggest could serve as the cornerstone for the management of CVRDs, and afford substantial financial risk protection for vulnerable households. We estimate that full implementation of the essential package would cost an additional US$21 per person in the average low-income country and $24 in the average lower-middle-income country. The essential package we describe could be a starting place for low-income and middle-income countries developing universal health coverage packages. Interventions could be rolled out as disease burden demands and budgets allow. Our outlined interventions provide a pathway for countries attempting to convert the UN Sustainable Development Goal commitments into tangible action.</p>  a1474-547X