03556nas a2200601   4500000000100000008004100001100001800042700002300060700001700083700002100100700001400121700001800135700001900153700001600172700002200188700001800210700001600228700001900244700001800263700001900281700002100300700001800321700001900339700001800358700001900376700002100395700002100416700001300437700002200450700001900472700001700491700001800508700001800526700002100544700001900565700001900584700001800603700001700621700002300638700001700661700001900678700001600697700001700713700001800730700001800748700002000766700002500786700001800811700001600829245014200845520195300987022001402940       2018                            d1 aMensah George1 aSampson Uchechukwu1 aEzzati Majid1 aEngelgau Michael1 aNarayan K1 aSalicrup Luis1 aBelis Deshiree1 aAron Laudan1 aBeaglehole Robert1 aBeaudet Alain1 aBriss Peter1 aChambers David1 aDevaux Marion1 aFiscella Kevin1 aGottlieb Michael1 aHakkinen Unto1 aHenderson Rain1 aHennis Anselm1 aHochman Judith1 aKoroshetz Walter1 aMackenbach Johan1 aMarmot M1 aMartikainen Pekka1 aMcClellan Mark1 aMeyers David1 aParsons Polly1 aRehnberg Clas1 aSanghavi Darshak1 aSidney Stephen1 aSiega-Riz Anna1 aStraus Sharon1 aWoolf Steven1 aConstant Stephanie1 aCreazzo Tony1 ade Jesus Janet1 aGavini Nara1 aLerner Norma1 aMishoe Helena1 aNelson Cheryl1 aPeprah Emmanuel1 aPunturieri Antonello1 aTracy Rachael1 aJan Stephen00aImplementation Research to Address the United States Health Disadvantage: Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop.3 a<p>Four decades ago, U.S. life expectancy was within the same range as other high-income peer countries. However, during the past decades, the United States has fared worse in many key health domains resulting in shorter life expectancy and poorer health-a health disadvantage. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a panel of national and international health experts and stakeholders for a Think Tank meeting to explore the U.S. health disadvantage and to seek specific recommendations for implementation research opportunities for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. Recommendations for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute consideration were made in several areas including understanding the drivers of the disadvantage, identifying potential solutions, creating strategic partnerships with common goals, and finally enhancing and fostering a research workforce for implementation research. Key recommendations included exploring why the United States is doing better for health indicators in a few areas compared with peer countries; targeting populations across the entire socioeconomic spectrum with interventions at all levels in order to prevent missing a substantial proportion of the disadvantage; assuring partnership have high-level goals that can create systemic change through collective impact; and finally, increasing opportunities for implementation research training to meet the current needs. Connecting with the research community at large and building on ongoing research efforts will be an important strategy. Broad partnerships and collaboration across the social, political, economic, and private sectors and all civil society will be critical-not only for implementation research but also for implementing the findings to have the desired population impact. Developing the relevant knowledge to tackle the U.S. health disadvantage is the necessary first step to improve U.S. health outcomes.</p>  a2211-8179