BackgroundIn the pursuit of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Community Action for Health (CAH) is considered a crucial strategy. CAH empowers communities to define their healthcare priorities and monitor the effectiveness of implemented reforms. With a long history in India, CAH has been incorporated into national policies like the National Rural Health Mission and the National Health Policy. Globally, CAH is associated with improved health outcomes, increased health literacy, and stronger healthcare systems. However, despite its potential, CAH faces challenges in India. While a pilot program showed positive impacts, concerns about its confrontational nature led to a shift towards less confrontational methods. Currently, CAH is considered underutilised and under-researched.A 2020 review called for more systematic and nuanced documentation of CAH experiences, urging the need to identify contexts that enable or hinder its success, as well as scalable and adaptable tools. Current research is fragmented, foc

BackgroundGlobal regulatory frameworks such as the WHO Guiding Principles on Human Organ Transplantation (1991) and the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism (2008, 2018), formulated by professional organisations led by The Transplantation Society (TTS) and the International Society of Nephrology (ISN), provide an ethical framework for organ transplantation to combat the universal shortage of organs, organ trafficking, financial inducements, and coercion in donation.While these global principles, coupled with domestic regulatory landscapes, have had positive impacts, unethical practices continue to be reported, especially from low- and middle-income countries.AimTo identify the intersection of international ethics principles and guidelines with the domestic regulatory frameworks of select developing countries.To understand the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of international ethics principles and guidelines in the domestic laws and policies of select developing co

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, affecting approximately 80% of people over their lifetime, with estimates projecting an increase in prevalence in coming years. In addition, LBP places substantial economic strain on individuals and healthcare systems, with an estimated annual cost of AUD $4.8 billion annually to the healthcare system alone. While visits to a general practitioner (GP) contribute to these costs, many patients receive care that is not evidence-based, such as opioids and routine imaging.Waiting rooms present an opportunity to deliver health education-based multimedia interventions to improve the uptake of evidence-based care. Multimedia interventions delivered in GP waiting rooms have improved lifestyle habits, healthcare utilisation, and patients understanding of their condition in people with asthma, at risk of sexually transmitted diseases, and depression. Clinician-targeted, multifaceted interventions for LBP in emergency departments (EDs) ha