02344nas a2200253   4500000000100000008004100001100001300042700001600055700001400071700001700085700002700102700001100129700001500140700001500155700001400170700001500184700001000199245010400209250001500313300001000328490000700338520169900345020004602044       2010                            d1 aBrock K.1 aGraubard B.1 aFraser D.1 aWeinstein S.1 aStolzenberg-Solomon R.1 aLim U.1 aTangrea J.1 aVirtamo J.1 aSnyder K.1 aAlbanes D.1 aKe L.00aPredictors of vitamin D biochemical status in a large sample of middle-aged male smokers in Finland  a2010/01/07  a280-80 v643 a<p>
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: As vitamin D deficiency is considered to be more common in regions with little solar ultraviolet (UV) light in winter, the aim of this study was to analyze predictors of vitamin D status by season within a large sample of male smokers from Finland, a country where there is negligible solar UV light in winter. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Vitamin D (measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) nmol/l) and other serum constituents were assayed. Measured anthropometry, and self-reported dietary intake and physical activity (PA) were obtained and analyzed using stepwise multiple linear and logistic regression in 2271 middle-aged Finnish male smokers. RESULTS: In all, 27% of the population in winter and 17% in summer had serum 25(OH)D levels of &lt;25 nmol/l, respectively. In summer, in multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounding and other predictors, high vitamin D intake (odds ratios (OR) 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-8.5), some leisure time PA (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3-3.1) and having a body mass index (BMI) of &gt;or=21 kg/m(2) compared with &lt;21 kg/m(2) (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.3-5.0), were associated with 25(OH)D &gt;or=25 nmol/l. In winter, additional modifiable factors were occupational PA (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.5) and high fish (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7-6.2) or poultry consumption (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.5). Predictors from linear regression analyses of continuous levels of 25(OH)D were similar to the logistic regression analyses of 25(OH)D &gt;or=25 nmol/l. CONCLUSION: In this Finnish sample more vitamin D intake, PA and having a BMI of &gt;or=21 may have important modifiable roles in maintaining an adequate vitamin D status.
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