02286nas a2200361   4500000000100000008004100001100001500042700001500057700002200072700001500094700001500109700001800124700001900142700001400161700001500175700001900190700001300209700001400222700001400236700001400250700001100264700001500275700001400290700001500304700001800319700001500337245023400352250001500586300001200601490000700613520125800620020004601878       2009                            d1 aGrobbee D.1 aTravert F.1 ade Galan Bastiaan1 aLisheng L.1 aDufouil C.1 aWoodward Mark1 aZoungas Sophia1 aPillai A.1 aPoulter N.1 aAnderson Craig1 aHamet P.1 aMancia G.1 aHeller S.1 aCooper M.1 aPan C.1 aJ Chalmers1 aHackett M1 aNeal Bruce1 aPatel Anushka1 aMacmahon S00aCognitive function and risks of cardiovascular disease and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial  a2009/08/19  a2328-360 v523 a<p>
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The relationship between cognitive function, cardiovascular disease and premature death is not well established in patients with type 2 diabetes. We assessed the effects of cognitive function in 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. Furthermore, we tested whether level of cognitive function altered the beneficial effects of the BP-lowering and glycaemic-control regimens in the trial. METHODS: Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination at baseline, and defined by scores 28-30 ('normal', n = 8,689), 24-27 ('mild dysfunction', n = 2,231) and &lt;24 ('severe dysfunction', n = 212). Risks of major cardiovascular events, death and hypoglycaemia and interactions with treatment were assessed using Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: Relative to normal function, both mild and severe cognitive dysfunction significantly increased the multiple-adjusted risks of major cardiovascular events (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.11-1.46 and 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-1.99; both p &lt; 0.05), cardiovascular death (1.41, 95% CI 1.16-1.71 and 1.56, 95% CI 0.99-2.46; both p
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