02840nas a2200529   4500000000100000008004100001653001100042653001000053653001000063653001300073653001300086653001000099653002500109653003000134653002000164653002600184653001600210653001000226653002300236653003300259653001100292100002200303700001900325700002100344700001700365700002200382700002000404700002000424700002500444700001900469700001600488700001600504700002100520700001700541700002300558700001900581700001800600700002000618700002600638700002200664700001100686245013000697300001200827490000700839520145000846022001402296       2013                            d10aHumans10aChina10aIndia10aPakistan10aColombia10aEgypt10aEthics, Professional10aInternational Cooperation10aMedical Tourism10aOrgan Transplantation10aPhilippines10aQatar10aSocieties, Medical10aTissue and Organ Procurement10aTurkey1 aDanovitch Gabriel1 aChapman Jeremy1 aCapron Alexander1 aLevin Adeera1 aAbbud-Filho Mario1 aMousawi Mustafa1 aBennett William1 aBudiani-Saberi Debra1 aCouser William1 aDittmer Ian1 aLavee Jacob1 aMartin Dominique1 aMasri Marwan1 aNaicker Saraladevi1 aTakahara Shiro1 aTibell Annika1 aShaheen Faissal1 aAnantharaman Vathsala1 aDelmonico Francis1 aJha V.00aOrgan trafficking and transplant tourism: the role of global professional ethical standards-the 2008 Declaration of Istanbul.  a1306-120 v953 a<p>
By 2005, human organ trafficking, commercialization, and transplant tourism had become a prominent and pervasive influence on transplantation therapy. The most common source of organs was impoverished people in India, Pakistan, Egypt, and the Philippines, deceased organ donors in Colombia, and executed prisoners in China. In response, in May 2008, The Transplantation Society and the International Society of Nephrology developed the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism consisting of a preamble, a set of principles, and a series of proposals. Promulgation of the Declaration of Istanbul and the formation of the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group to promote and uphold its principles have demonstrated that concerted, strategic, collaborative, and persistent actions by professionals can deliver tangible changes. Over the past 5 years, the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group organized and encouraged cooperation among professional bodies and relevant international, regional, and national governmental organizations, which has produced significant progress in combating organ trafficking and transplant tourism around the world. At a fifth anniversary meeting in Qatar in April 2013, the DICG took note of this progress and set forth in a Communiqué a number of specific activities and resolved to further engage groups from many sectors in working toward the Declaration's objectives.
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